Yeast Biodiversity in Vineyard during Grape Ripening: Comparison between Culture Dependent and NGS Analysis

In this study, the evolution of yeast microflora present on berry surface, during ripening Barbera grapes, was monitored. Sampling performed in three vineyards located “Nizza” d’Asti DOC zone and different methodologies have been employed. A culture-dependent method based identification strains grown solid media by ARDRA (Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis) D1-D2 domain ribosomal 26S capillary sequencing coupled to NGS (Next Generation Sequencing) targeting ITS (Internal Transcribed Sequence) amplicons with Illumina MiSeq platform. By using techniques, most frequently detected species yeast-like fungus Aureobasidium pullulans, which dominant culturable fraction. Among yeasts, presence oligotrophic basidiomycetes such as Cryptococcus spp., Rhodotorula graminis Sporidiobolus pararoseus observed at beginning ripening. Afterward, upon approaching harvest, a succession oxidative or weakly fermentative copiotrophic occurs, Saturnispora diversa, Issatchenkia terricola, Hanseniaspora opuntiae, Starmerella bacillaris uvarum. The massive revealed larger number species, respect data. Comparing two approaches used work, it is possible highlight some similarities since Aureobasidium, Sporobolomyces were both methods. On contrary, genera Hanseniaspora, methods, but not NGS, while Saccharomyces spp. identified, low frequency, only NGS. integrated application techniques provides comprehensive view mycodiversity wine-growing environment, especially for yeasts abundance.